satellite test for haemophilus influenzae

PDF Ala (Rapid Porphyrin Test) Haemophilus species - SlideShare Haemophilus influenzae will grow in the hemolytic zone of Staphylococcus aureus on blood agar plates. While Haemophilus bacteria are typically small coccobacilli, they are categorized as pleomorphic bacteria because of the wide range of shapes they occasionally assume. A medium appropriate for the satellite test is: - Sheep blood agar - Horse blood agar - CHOC agar - Trypticase soy agar. PDF UK Standards for Microbiology Investigations 3.17.44 Satellite Test. d. . On blood agar, S. aureus grows as. Haemophilus influenzae is a Gram negative coccobacillus that primarily colonises the upper respiratory tract. Haemophilus Species Group of small, gram-negative, pleomorphic bacteria that require enriched media, usually containing blood or its derivatives, for isolation… N. meningitidis grows on both BAP and CAP. PDF Porphyrin (Ala Substrate) 4. carbohydrate utilization tests . #5. protoporphyrin which accounts for their dependence on hemin for growth.2 In 1974, Kilian described a rapid tests for detection of heme precursors produced by non-hemin-requiring Haemophilus spp.3 In 1986, Gadberry et al. Factors associated with carriage of ampicillin-resistant strains were sought: only ampicillin exposure was significant. 3 Lwoff and Lwoff later identified V factor as nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD). satellite test principle h. influenzae requires X and V factors for growth. Haemophilus influenzae. 30-2), although it may appear on a blood agar plate as tiny satellite colonies around the colonies of other bacteria that have lysed red blood cells. The curved ends of the short (1.0 to1.5μm) bacilli makes many appear nearly round, hence the term coccobacilli. Haemophilus influenzae diagnosis using Satellite Test Tweet Haemophilus spp does not grow on 5% Sheep Blood Agar, which contains hemin (factor X) but lacks NAD (factor V). smooth, shiny, round colonies with yellow color + beta-hemolysis. Haemophilus influenzae Satellitism Test. The satellite test is used to isolate H. influenzae, which grows or "satellites" in the presence of S. aureus on sheep's blood agar in the zones of hemolysis where factor V has been released (H. influenzae needs this factor to grow). The results are presented of the first surveillance study in Greece on resistance in strains ofHaemophilus influenzae (n=61) andHaemophilus parainfluenzae (n=96) to six antibiotics. Comparison of a new commercially prepared porphyrin test and the conventional satellite test for the identification of Haemophilus species that require the X factor. test the organism with a new lot of antisera b. test with Vi antigen c. repeat the biochemical test d. boil the organism and retest with the antisera. Haemophilus influenzae has other names by which it can be identifed as it was formely known as the Pfeiffer's bacillus or Bacillus influenzae. Haemophilus influenzae, which requires X and V factors for growth, can be differentiated from subspecies Haemophilus aegyptius by which two tests? The next day you will see the HFLU only growing next to the Staph. Abstract. only. Sheep blood agar. H. influenzae - - + H. aegyptius - + H. parainfluenzae - + H. haemolyticus - - + - + H. ducreyi + - + An alternative method for the interpretation of growth factor requirements is the porphyrin test which confirms the haemin independence of certain Haemophilus spp. 3. determination of X and V requirements on TSA. The porphyrin test agar method was compared with the conventional paper strip satellite method in tests with 187 isolates and was found to be easier to perform and interpret, giving a sensitivity of 98.7% and specificity of 94.7%. 2. Staphylococcus lyses the red blood cells, releasing hemin (x factor) and NAD (v factor) for growth of Haemophilus spp. Use for differentiating Haemophilus spp. Amoxicillin. The overall rate of resistance to ampicillin was 28.3 %, to chloramphenicol 2.7 % . A positive test is indicated by the growth of tiny colonies of Haemophilus influenzae surrounding the Staphylococcus streak. He incorrectly described Haemophilus influenzae as the causative microbe, which retains . List the general characteristics within the genus Haemophilus, including general habitat, atmosphere, and temperature requirements. Similar satellite colony formation around S. aureus was seen for Abiotrophia defectiva. The medically important Haemophilus species are described as follows; Haemophilus influenzae6 H. influenzae is facultatively anaerobic, small, non-motile Gram-negative bacterium in the family Pasteurellaceae. Haemophilus spp.2 Thjotta and Avery reported X factor is derived from hemoglobin and V factor from the satellite relationship with Staphylococcus aureus . Organism Differential Test Acinetobacter spp. Introduction Haemophilus influenzae is a non-motile and non-spore-forming gram-negative coccobacillus and can lead sinusitis, otitis, conjunctivitis and meningitis as well as upper and lower respiratory tract infections [1-4]. aureus and inoculate across the HFLU in a straight line and incubate at 35 degrees C in 5% CO2 overnight. In adults? Test organism. Non-sticky, growth on MAC Dysgonomonas spp. Stick Influenza - Haemophilus influenzae - often present on the mucous membrane of the upper respiratory tract of a healthy person. H. influenzae forms satellite colonies along the length of the staphylococcal or enterococcal growth. In the basal medium, nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide is incorporated at a concentration of 0.2 mug per ml, an amount adequate for H. influenzae but not for H. parainfluenzae. 1. Herein, we tested that the hypothesis that NTHi induces the expression of cyclooxygenase (COX)-2 and prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) via activation of p38 mitogen . Satellite test Haemophilus influenzae 25 Match the organism with the appropriate term, disease or selective media. satellite phenomenon — See syntrophism …. For Haemophilus spp. H. influenza will not grow outside the hemolytic zone of S. aureus due to the lack of nutrients such as V-factor in these areas. 5. Test Organisms Result Haemophilus influenzae ATCC 49766 Growth and correct X & V response Haemophilus. [Europe PMC free article] [Google Scholar] Evans NM, Smith DD. Term . Detection of Haemophilus influenzae type b antigen in urine, in a child under 5 years old without another explanation for meningitis or epiglottitis. Haemophilus spp.2 Thjotta and Avery reported X factor is derived from hemoglobin and V factor from the satellite relationship with Staphylococcus aureus . 30-2), although it may appear on a blood agar plate as tiny satellite colonies around the colonies of other bacteria that have lysed red blood cells.. Why does Haemophilus not grow on blood agar? ASM Press, Washington, DC. (C) The satellite test for identification of Haemophilus influenzae demonstrates growth of the organisms as small satellite colonies (arrowhead, H. flu) adjacent to S. aureus (vertical streak, SA). Mix a loopful of suspected colonies of Haemophilus colonies in about 2 ml of sterile saline. Haemophilus influenzae, the major pathogen, can be separated into encapsulated or typable strains, of which there are seven types (a through f including e') based on the antigenic . Resistant strains were detected in 3% of children, amounting to 12% of Haemophilus isolates. Haemophilus is a genus of Gram-negative, pleomorphic, coccobacilli bacteria belonging to the family Pasteurellaceae. the satellite test substutes for V factor test. Additionally, applying filter paper (or disks) saturated with hemin and NAD to the surface of the BAP after the medium has been inoculated will produce a halo of growth around the strip or disk. H. influenzae will not grow outside the hemolytic zone of S. aureus. 1. century, the "satellite test" was found for presumptive laboratory diagnosis of H. influenzae and this test has been accepted as a conventional method for about a hundred years [1, 2]. S. aureus can produce the following toxins. haemophilus influenzae, the satellite test. It is recommended that this test be performed in conjunction Ampicillin or 3G ceph-parenteral. Inoculate Haemophilus strains with a 1:10 dilution from a broth culture and 2 for 24 hours. 38. New satellitism test for isolation and identification of Haemophilus influenzae and Haemophilus parainfluenzae in sputum. H. influenzae may have a polysaccharide capsule, but other species of Haemophilus are not encapsulated. Google Scholar; 2. Haemophilus with the porphyrin production test versus the satellite test for X. J Clin Micro 1977; 5:142-4. Haemophilus influenzae requires both factors X and V; accordingly, it grows on chocolate agar but not on blood agar (Fig. It may be further serotyped on the presence and nature of any . Satellite flare — (also known as satellite glint ) is the phenomenon caused by the reflective surfaces on satellites (such as antennas or solar panels) reflecting sunlight directly onto the Earth below and appearing as a brief, bright flare .Iridium satellite . In Versalovic J Carroll KC Funke G Jorgensen JH Landry ML Warnock DW (ed), Manual of Clinical Microbiology, 10th ed. Haemophilus influenza. However, Alloiococcus otitidis (A. otitidis), which is one of the most commonly found bacteria within middle ear aspirates of . H. influenzae can be grown in a blood agar plate . Haemophilus type b (Hib) was the most common strain responsible for all the infections. The cell wall has a structure similar to that of other Gram-negative bacteria. . 5. Any organism growing only on chocolate agar and not on blood agar plate that is suggestive of Haemophilus or Francisella by Gram stain (Gram-negative coccobacilli or short rods).. Quality Control. 30-2), although it may appear on a blood agar plate as tiny satellite colonies around the colonies of other bacteria that have lysed red blood cells. The hemolysis of erythrocytes by S. aureus releases nutrients vital to the growth of H. influenzae (NAD, factor V).The NAD diffuses into the surrounding medium and stimulates the growth of Haemophilus influenzae in the vicinity of the . Gadbury JL, Amos MA. NAD is also referred to as V factor. Chapter 32 Haemophilus Objectives 1. Detection of Haemophilus influenzae type b antigen in urine, in a child under 5 years old without another explanation for meningitis or epiglottitis. Disks must be protected from light. Haemophilus influenzae will grow in the hemolytic zone of Staphylococcus aureus on blood agar plates. A test with a commercially developed porphyrin test agar was examined for the identification of Haemophilus spp. 10/09/21 Davis Mwakagile 28 OTHER HAEMOPHILUS SPECIES • Haemophilus haemolyticus is the most markedly haemolytic organism of all spp • Occurs as normal flora in the nasopharynx • May rarely cause URTIs children • Haemophilus parainfluenzae resembles H influenzae and is a normal flora of the RT • May rarely cause infective endocarditis . ALA is light sensitive. 2. satellite test. Ledeboer NA Doern GV. A rapid method for the differentiation of Haemophilus strains—the porphyrin test. Two disks are placed on the surface of the medium, one disk being . J Med Microbiol. 2. Catalase positive, β-lactamase negative Haemophilus spp. Haemophilus influenzae will not grow around a disc containing factor X (haemin) or factor V (coenzyme NAD) alone, but will around a combined X plus V disc on plain agar. Growth on MAC, oxidase negative Aggregatibacter spp. Name three species of Haemophilus and indicate the types of infection with which each may be associated. Strains were isolated in a three-month period in 1987 in most cases from sputum specimens from adult patients with lung infections. 3. 1. Quality Control Test the following positive and negative controls each time an unknown is tested: Positive: H. parainfluenza (ATCC 7901) Negative: H. influenzae (ATCC 35056 . Bacterial culture of H. influenzae is performed on agar plates, the preferable one being chocolate agar, with added X(hemin) &V(NAD) factors at 37°C in a CO 2-enriched incubator. H. influenzae was first described in 1892 by Richard Pfeiffer during an influenza pandemic. Members of the genus Haemophilus will not grow on blood agar plates, as all . satellite test in order to identify the haemophilus ‐ like colony as a conventional method in lack of factor X, V or XV discs [1, 2, 5]. Mueller-Hinton blood agar plates prepared from the three blood types were compared in antibiotic susceptibility tests by disk diffusion and E-test. How do you identify Haemophilus species? The effect of the medium and source of growth factors on the satellitism test for Haemophilus species. 3. Specialized identification tests, including CAMP test, reverse CAMP test, and satellite colony formation with Haemophilus influenzae and Abiotrophia defectiva were also performed. J Clin Microbiol. ; Haemophilus parainfluenzae will show a halo of growth around XV and V disks. 4 The need for one or both Haemophilus influenzae requires both factors X and V; accordingly, it grows on chocolate agar but not on blood agar (Fig. In this case, Haemophilus colonies will grow in small "satellite" colonies around the larger Staphylococcus colonies because the metabolism of Staphylococcus produces the necessary X blood factor required for Haemophilus growth. Describe the difference in the typeable and nontypeable categories of Haemophilus, their virulence factors, and the disease they cause. BBE agar Treatment for H. influenzae. What is the incidence of Haemophilus influenzae as an agent of meningitis in infants and children under 3 years of age? On chocolate blood agar, colonies are small and grey, round, convex, which may be iridescent, and these develop in 24 hours. This test uses to identify Haemophilus influenzae.It is a fastidious organism and thus needs extra ingredients like hemin (factor X) and NAD (factor V) to grow. Describe the infections caused by Haemophilus influenzae and Haemophilus ducreyi. These organisms inhabit the mucous membranes of the upper respiratory tract, mouth, vagina, and intestinal tract. Satellitism test or satellite test for Haemophilus influenzae is positive as shown above picture. H. influenzae are small, pleomorphic, gram-negative bacilli or coccobacilli with random arrangements. it is also known as haemophilus meningitidis,Mycobacterium influenzae,Influenza-bacillus to name a few. Haemophilus species The Haemophilus species can be identified according to the results of 'satellitism' tests. Haemophilus influenzae is a Gram negative coccobacillus that primarily colonises the upper respiratory tract. Haemophilus influenzae c. Stenotrophomonas maltophilia d. streak in tiny colonies. Using a sterile swab, inoculate the organism suspension on a plate of blood agar. Using sterile swab, inoculate the organism suspension on a plate of nutrient agar and a plate of blood agar. Mueller-Hinton blood agar plates prepared from the three blood types were compared in antibiotic susceptibility tests by disk diffusion and E-test. Haemophilus influenzae is strictly a human pathogen, responsible for many diseases like community acquired pneumonia, meningitis, sinusitis, epiglottitis and otitis media. Haemophilus influenzae është specia më e zakonshme e shoqëruar gjatë sëmundjeve, me infeksione më së shumti të raportuara tek pacientët pediatrik, sidomos para shfaqjes së vaksinës te H. influenzae e tipit B (HIB). Further identification may be accomplished using H. influenzae type b antiserum in the slide agglutination test. J Clin Microbiol 1986; 23(3):637-9. Nontypeable Haemophilus influenzae (NTHi) is an important respiratory pathogen implicated as an infectious trigger in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, but its molecular interaction with human lung epithelial cells remains unclear. Satelliting Test Procedure: Mix a loopful of suspect Haemophilus growth in 2 ml of sterile saline or sterile peptone water, make sure none of the chocolate agar medium is transferred with it. Will demonstrate satellite growth around S.aureus on blood agar, while Brucella growth is present on blood agar, and is not limited to the area around the Staphylococcus. compared Porphyrin Test Agar (PTA) with the conventional paper strip satellite method. Determination of X and/or V requirement by Haemophilus species with supplemented broths was sensitive, rapid, and inexpensive. Haemophilus influenzae requires both factors X and V; accordingly, it grows on chocolate agar but not on blood agar (Fig. McFaddin JF. In 1921, Davis described two growth factors which were found to be essential for the growth of Haemophilus influenzae; one from hemoglobin and the other derived through the satellite relationship with Staphylococcus aureus . Acta Pathol Microbiol Scand Sect B 82:835-842. Therefore, Haemophilus spp. • Colonies of H. influenzae will grow only on chocolate agar, and as satellite colonies in the vicinity of the staphylococcal streak on blood agar. other species that fall under the same genus name are: haemophilus ducreyi and haemophilus . See the images below. McFaddin JF. 4 The need for one or both H. aegyptius është një shkaktar shumë I rëndësishëm I konjuktivitit akut dhe purulent. Satellite H. influenzae will grow in the hemolytic zone of S. aureus on blood agar plates, the hemolysis of cells by S. aureus releases factor V which is needed for its growth. Objectives — In this study we tested and compared three different beta-haemolytic genus including three Staphylococcus aureus, three coagulase-negative staphylococci, and two . BAP supplies the X factor, located in intact RBCs, but produces NADase which inactivates NAD (V factor) present in the media. 4. parainfluenzae ATCC 7901 Growth and correct X & V response Limitations It is recommended that biochemical and/or serological tests are performed on colonies from pure culture to confirm identification. Serotyping and antibiotic sensitivity testing could be performed directly from the broth culture. Although H. influenzae requires both hemin… IV Inert, urease positive Pasteurella spp. 2 Introduction. It may be further serotyped on the presence and nature of any . An organism that exhibits the satellite phenomenon around colonies of staphylococci is: a. . both Staphylococcus and Haemophilus organisms are cultured together on a single blood agar plate. J Clin Microbiol 1986; 23(3):637-9. Positive: Haemophilus influenzae will show a halo of growth around XV disk; the rest of the agar surface will show no growth. When the resistance of the body is weakened, it can cause meningitis (especially in weakened children), bronchitis, pneumonia, purulent pleurisy, tracheitis, laryngitis, conjunctivitis, otitis and other diseases.. The genus Haemophilus includes a number of species that cause a wide variety of infections but share a common morphology and a requirement for blood-derived factors during growth that has given the genus its name. Dictionary of microbiology. This is known as satelliting. 1 CHAPTER 9 . X and V Factor Requirement Test Quality Control. The family also includes Pasteurella andActinobacillus, two other genera of bacteria that are parasites . high salt, freezing, pH 4-10, temperatures up to 50°C. compared Porphyrin Test Agar (PTA) with the conventional paper strip satellite method. A new satellitism test designed to facilitate the isolation and identification of Haemophilus influenzae and Haemophilus parainfluenzae is described. References H. influenzae is a fastidious organism which grows best at 35-37°C with ~5% CO 2 (or in a candle-jar) and requires hemin (X factor) and nicotinamide-adenine-dinucleotide (NAD, also known as V factor) for growth. 3 Lwoff and Lwoff later identified V factor as nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD). Introduction <br />Haemophilusinfluenzae is a small, nonmotile Gram-negative bacterium in the family Pasteurellaceae. Definition. Modified Skirrow agar Campylobacter jejuni 26 Match the organism with the appropriate term, disease or selective media. Oxidase positive, requires X & V factors Haemophilus influenzae Satellite or X&V positive Bordetella Grp. Term. Colonies of H. influenzae appear as convex, smooth, Haemophilus Species Group of small, gram-negative, pleomorphic bacteria that require enriched media, usually containing blood or its derivatives, for isolation… 1975 Jan; 1 (1):89-95. In 1974, Kilian described two rapid tests used to detect the ability of non-hemin requiring Haemophilus species to synthesize heme precursors from ALA.3 Lund and Blazevic determined the porphyrin test to be more rapid and accurate than the satellite test used previously to speciate Haemophilus organisms.4 PRINCIPLE haemophilus influenzae, factor V, the satellite test. 2. 1-3 Lwoff and Lwoff later identified X factor as hemin and V ORGANISM ATCC™ TAXO X TAXO V TAXO XV Haemophilus influenzae 9334 - - + Haemophilus parahemolyticus 10014 - + + Haemophilus parainfluenzae 9796 - + + BBL ™ Trypticase Soy Agar (prepared Sterile Pack plate) For the therapy of MRSA strains we can use the following antibiotics. 6. A total of 391 Streptococcus pneumoniae, 266 H. influenzae, and 76 M. catarrhalis were isolated from 10 centers located at 6 cities in China from January . Haemophilusinfluenzae<br />formerly called Pfeiffer's bacillus or Bacillus influenzae<br />. grow adjacent to the streak line where the nutrients are available. Otitis media with effusion (OME) is a biofilm driven disease and commonly accepted otopathogens, such as Haemophilus influenzae, Streptococcus pneumonia, and Moraxella catarrhalis, have been demonstrated to form polymicrobial biofilms within the middle ear cleft. What is the satellite phenomenon? 3. Satellite test shows the dependence of the isolate to factor X and V for growing [1, 2]. 1. hemolysis on horse blood agar. requires X factor=hemin and V factor=NAD. Gadbury JL, Amos MA. ; Negative. Haemophilus are among the smallest of bacteria. Haemophilus aphrophilus will grow over the entire surface of the plate. Haemophilus parainfluenzae requires V factor only for grow while Haemophilus ducreyi requires only X factor without need of V factor. Then, take Staph. 5. 2 Introduction. The causative agent of hemophilia infection was . The aim of this study was to evaluate the in vitro activity of cefditoren and comparators against Streptococcus pneumoniae, Haemophilus influenzae, and Moraxella catarrhalis causing community-acquired respiratory tract infections (CARTIs). • The prevalence of ampicillin sodium-resistant Haemophilus influenzae was determined from throat cultures of 305 ambulatory children. Background — Haemophilus influenzae can grow on blood agar media with Staphylococcus aureus which can provide factor V as it is called "Satellite phenomenon". CHOC-agar 4. Haemophilus, p 588-602. An influenza pandemic species that fall under the same genus name are Haemophilus... Makes many appear nearly round, hence the term coccobacilli factor ) growth... 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